R语言在生存分析中的应用
SURVIVAL ANALYSIS
A great many studies in statistics deal with deaths or with failures of components: the numbers of deaths, the timing of death, and the risks of death to which different classes of individuals are exposed. The analysis of survival data is a major focus of the statistics business (see Kalbfleisch & Prentice 1980, Miller 1981, Fleming & Harrington 1991), and S-Plus supports a wide range of tools for the analysis of survival data. The main theme of this chapter is the analysis of data that take the form of measurements of the time to death, or the time to failure of a component. Up to now, we have dealt with mortality data by considering the proportion of individuals that were dead at a given time. In this chapter each individual is followed until it dies, then the time of death is recorded (this will be the response variable). Individuals that survive to the end of the experiment will die at an unknown time in the future; they are said to be censored (see below).
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