目录
Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 4
The Five Main Parts of SAS and SPSS ............................................................................................... 4
Typographic & Programming Conventions ..................................................................................... 5
Help and Documentation ................................................................................................................ 6
Graphical User Interfaces ................................................................................................................ 7
Easing Into R .................................................................................................................................... 7
A Few R Basics ................................................................................................................................. 7
Installing Add‐on Packages .............................................................................................................. 9
Data Acquisition ............................................................................................................................ 10
Example Text Files ..................................................................................................................... 10
The R Data Editor ...................................................................................................................... 10
Reading Delimited Text Files ..................................................................................................... 11
Reading Text Data within a Program (Datalines, Cards, Begin Data…) .................................... 13
Reading Fixed Width Text Files, 1 Record per Case .................................................................. 14
Reading Fixed Width Text Files, 2 Records per Case ................................................................. 15
Importing Data from SAS .......................................................................................................... 17
Importing Data from SPSS ......................................................................................................... 18
Exporting Data to SAS & SPSS Data Sets ................................................................................... 18
Selecting Variables and Observations ........................................................................................... 19
Selecting Variables – Var, Variables= ........................................................................................ 19
Selecting Observations – Where, If, Select If ............................................................................ 26
Selecting Both Variables and Observations .............................................................................. 32
Converting Data Structures ....................................................................................................... 32
Data Conversion Functions ....................................................................................................... 33
3
Data Management ......................................................................................................................... 33
Transforming Variables ............................................................................................................. 33
Conditional Transformations .................................................................................................... 36
Logical Operators .................................................................................................................. 36
Conditional Transformations to Assign Missing Values ............................................................ 38
Multiple Conditional Transformations ...................................................................................... 41
Renaming Variables (…and Observations) ................................................................................ 42
Recoding Variables .................................................................................................................... 45
Keeping and Dropping Variables ............................................................................................... 48
By or Split File Processing .......................................................................................................... 48
Stacking / Concatenating / Adding Data Sets ........................................................................... 50
Joining / Merging Data Frames ................................................................................................. 50
Aggregating or Summarizing Data ............................................................................................ 52
Reshaping Variables to Observations and Back ........................................................................ 55
Sorting Data Frames .................................................................................................................. 57
Value Labels or Formats (& Measurement Level) ......................................................................... 58
Variable Labels .............................................................................................................................. 63
Workspace Management .............................................................................................................. 65
Workspace Management Functions ......................................................................................... 66
Graphics ......................................................................................................................................... 67
Analysis .......................................................................................................................................... 71
Summary........................................................................................................................................ 78
Is R Harder to Use? ........................................................................................................................ 79
Conclusion ..................................................................................................................................... 80
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发表于 2013-2-14 21:00:43